In an interesting development in the week leading up to the 2025 inauguration of President Donald Trump, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) announced a legal action against Elon Musk. In its complaint filed with the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia (the “Court”) on January 14, 2025 (the “Complaint”), the SEC alleges Musk failed to timely file a Schedule 13D after acquiring over five percent of the outstanding shares of common stock (the “Shares”) of Twitter, Inc. (the “Company” or “Twitter”). The late filing resulted in a violation of Section 13(d)(1) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) and Rule 13d-1(a) thereunder, both of which impose strict liability for such reporting failures. The SEC is seeking permanent injunctive relief, disgorgement of any ill-gotten gains, prejudgment interest, and civil penalties.
SEC Division of Corporation Finance Revises and Issues New Compliance and Disclosure Interpretations on the Use of PX14A6G Filings
On January 27, 2025, the SEC’s Division of Corporation Finance issued new and revised Compliance and Disclosure Interpretations (“C&DIs”) that address the use of PX14A6G filings pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 14a-6(g). The interpretations appear here, as question and answer numbers 126.06 through 126.10. (Through a nifty new feature, the C&DI are accompanied by redlines that show the revisions made to Q&A 126.06 and 126.07, which are available here and here.)
Under Rule 14a-6(g), a PX14A6G filing is required whenever a shareholder owning more than $5 million of a company’s securities solicits other shareholders by recommending or encouraging other shareholders to vote in a particular way on a matter being voted on at a company’s meeting of shareholders.
Updated Summary of Director Education Opportunities Now Available
Gibson Dunn’s summary of director education opportunities has been updated as of January 2025. A copy is available at this link. Boards of Directors of public and private companies find this a useful resource as they look for high quality education opportunities.
California Solicits Input On—and Issues Enforcement Update For—Future Climate Reporting
Request for Comments. On December 16, 2024, the California Air Resources Board (“CARB”) issued a request for public feedback and information regarding certain implementing regulations for Senate Bill (“SB”) 253 (the Climate Corporate Data Accountability Act) and SB 261 (the Climate-Related Financial Risk Act). As a reminder, SB 253 requires U.S. companies doing business in California with annual revenues over $1 billion to begin reporting Scope 1 and 2 greenhouse gas (“GHG”) emissions in 2026 and Scope 3 GHG emissions in 2027. SB 261 requires U.S. companies doing business in California with annual revenues over $500 million to biennially report on climate-related risks and their steps to mitigate such risks, with the first report due on or before January 1, 2026. Both SB 253 and SB 261 make CARB responsible for the laws’ enforcement and for adopting certain implementing regulations.
Preparing for California’s Climate Reporting Legislation – Takeaways from Recent Amendments and Early AB 1305 Reporting Trends
Last year, California adopted a trio of laws requiring certain public and private companies to provide climate-related disclosures. As a quick refresher:
- Climate Corporate Data Accountability Act (Senate Bill 253). For U.S. companies doing business in California with annual revenues over $1 billion, Senate Bill (“SB”) 253 requires them to report their greenhouse gas (“GHG”) emissions annually beginning in 2026 (for Scope 1 and 2 GHG emissions) and 2027 (for Scope 3 emissions).
- Greenhouse Gases: Climate-related Financial Risk (Senate Bill 261). For U.S. companies doing business in California with annual revenues over $500 million, SB 261 effectively requires them to begin biennial reporting in 2025 regarding their “climate-related financial risks” and adopted measures to reduce or adapt to them.
- Voluntary Carbon Market Disclosures (Assembly Bill 1305). For companies that make certain environmental claims, adopt particular environmental goals, or purchase, use, market, or sell voluntary carbon offsets in California, Assembly Bill (“AB”) 1305 requires annual website disclosure providing support for those claims, goals, or offsets.
Updated Summary of Director Education Opportunities Now Available
Gibson Dunn’s summary of director education opportunities has been updated as of October 2024. A copy is available at this link. Boards of Directors of public and private companies find this a useful resource as they look for high quality education opportunities.
Latest SEC Enforcement Sweep Picks Up 34 Reporting Persons for Numerous Late and Missing 13F and 13H Filings
The Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC") announced charges against 34 reporting persons for late and missing filings on Form 13F and Form 13H earlier this month. The entities and individuals charged agreed to settlements with the SEC requiring payments of $7.2 million in penalties.
Key U.S. Executive Compensation Takeaways from the ISS 2024 U.S. Proxy Season Review
On September 5, 2024, Institutional Shareholder Services (ISS) released its 2024 Proxy Season Review: United States – Executive Compensation. The below chart summarizes our observations of the 2024 data and key takeaways as we look to the 2025 proxy season. While these trends are positive for issuers overall, they underscore that issuers, their boards, compensation committees, and management should continue to take an active role in compensation programs, disclosure, and shareholder engagement practices.
Early Insights from the Insider Trading Policies Filed by S&P 500 Companies under the SEC’s New Exhibit Requirement
I. Introduction
For fiscal years beginning on or after April 1, 2023, domestic public companies are required to disclose whether they have adopted insider trading policies and procedures governing the purchase, sale, and/or other dispositions of their securities by their directors, officers and employees, or the companies themselves, and if so to file those policies and procedures as an exhibit to their annual reports on Form 10-K.[1] While calendar year companies must comply with these requirements in their Form 10-K for, or proxy statement following, the fiscal year ending December 31, 2024, 49 S&P 500 companies had addressed these requirements in filings as of June 30, 2024.[2]
Important Reminder to 13F Filers – New Vote Reporting Disclosures Required on Form N-PX (due August 31, 2024)
As a quick reminder, all institutional investment managers filing 13F reports under the Exchange Act (“13F Filers") are subject to a new requirement this year to file a Form N-PX by August 31, 2024. Form N-PX includes disclosures regarding certain executive compensation-related proposals described below.