The past year has been one of change and challenge for public companies and their boards, as companies have moved to implement "say-on-pay" and other provisions of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act ("Dodd-Frank"). With the 2012 proxy season on the horizon, public companies and their directors will continue to feel the impact of Dodd-Frank as the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") proceeds with its ongoing efforts to implement the law. At the same time, public companies and their boards are operating in an environment where the balance of power between boards and shareholders continues to shift. The traditional, board-centric model of corporate governance continues to gravitate toward a paradigm that includes an increased role for shareholders. Activist shareholders are seeking greater participation in companies’ governance and operations, and they are exerting increased pressure on companies to adopt so-called corporate governance "best practices."
2011 Year-End FCPA Update
2011 marked yet another dynamic year for the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act ("FCPA"), including numerous significant enforcement actions, more trials than in any other year in the history of the statute, and a growing public debate about the policy ramifications of a U.S.-dominated international anti-corruption enforcement field. Those close to the statute can feel the unmatched pace at which the 34-year-old law is now developing. With more litigated decisions, more bills pending in Congress, and more interplay between the FCPA and other international laws prohibiting cross-border bribery, there is a growing sense of urgency amongst FCPA practitioners as to the direction the statute will take in the coming years.
Delaware Court of Chancery Issues Temporary Restraining Order To Postpone Annual Meeting of Stockholders
On December 20, 2011, Vice Chancellor Parsons of the Delaware Court of Chancery issued an opinion and entered a temporary restraining order enjoining ChinaCast Education Corporation from holding its annual meeting, scheduled for later that day, until January 10, 2012. See Sherwood, et al. v. Chan Tze Ngon, et al., No. 7106-VCP (Delaware Court of Chancery). The Court found that ChinaCast’s actions, having removed incumbent director Ned Sherwood[1] from its slate of nominees less than two weeks before the scheduled annual meeting, did not "comport with the ‘scrupulous fairness’ required of corporate elections." The opinion serves as an important reminder for companies that while Delaware law provides significant latitude to create processes intended to facilitate the orderly conduct of annual stockholder meetings and election contests, actions that improperly infringe upon the shareholder franchise will be viewed skeptically by Delaware courts.
SEC Codifies Change in “Net Worth Test” for Accredited Investor Definition
On December 21, 2011, the Securities and Exchange Commission has codified the Dodd-Frank Act’s change to the net worth test for “accredited investors,” a definition used in SEC rules adopted under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The accredited investor test is set forth in Securities Act Rule 501(a) and can be met by a natural person with a net worth in excess of $1,000,000. Since its enactment on July 21, 2010, Section 413(a) of the Dodd-Frank Act has excluded primary residences from “accredited investor” net worth calculations. The new SEC amendment clarifies that mortgage debt on an investor’s primary residence generally will not be treated as a liability for the purposes of the net worth qualification, except to the extent that the debt is higher than the estimated fair market value of the residence, thus avoiding double deduction of the residence and the mortgage debt. However, any increase in the amount of mortgage debt secured by a primary residence in the 60 days prior to a sale of securities will count as a liability in an investor’s net worth calculation when the increase is not related to the purchase of that primary residence. The SEC intends this to prevent investors from borrowing against their primary residence and using the proceeds of the newly incurred debt to inflate net worth calculations in order to qualify as an “accredited investor,” while not penalizing individuals who purchase a primary residence prior to the purchase of a security. The revised rule also includes a grandfathering clause providing that the old net worth test will apply to a securityholder’s right to purchase additional securities of the issuer, if such right existed prior to July 20, 2010 and the individual qualified as an accredited investor on the basis of net worth as of the time such right was acquired.
ISS Issues White Paper on New Approach in Evaluating Pay for Performance Alignment
On December 20, 2011, Institutional Shareholder Services ("ISS"), a leading proxy advisory firm, published a white paper titled "Evaluating Pay for Performance Alignment: ISS’ Quantitative and Qualitative Approach." The white paper provides greater guidance on ISS’ new approach to establishing peer groups when conducting the pay-for-performance test described in its U.S. Corporate Governance Policy 2012 Updates and provides a detailed summary of and rationale for the new quantitative and qualitative methodology ISS will implement, beginning February 1, 2012, when assessing executive compensation. The white paper is available at
Chamber of Commerce calls for “Transformational Reform” of the SEC
On December 20, 2011, the US Chamber of Commerce published a report entitled “U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission: A Roadmap for Transformational Reform.” The 135-page report, authored by former SEC Secretary Jonathan Katz, was commissioned and released in response to what the Chamber referred to as a need for a “comprehensive transformation of the SEC,” and addresses the SEC’s leadership, management, organization, and enforcement and rulemaking processes, among other matters. This is not the first time the Chamber has proposed reforms of the Commission. In 2009, the Chamber released its first such report, entitled “Examining the Efficiency and Effectiveness of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.” The Chamber now describes that report as calling only for “incremental change”, and notes in its 2011 report that “incremental change will no longer do.” The Chamber’s 2011 report can be accessed at http://www.uschamber.com/sites/default/files/reports/16967_SECReport_FullReport_final.pdf.
SEC Staff to Release Filing Review Correspondence Earlier
Last Thursday the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission announced [http://www.sec.gov/divisions/corpfin/cfannouncements/edgarcorrespondence.htm] that filing review correspondence with the Divisions of Corporation Finance and Investment Management now will be made public earlier. Currently, these Divisions release through EDGAR their comment letters related to disclosure filings that they have reviewed and the response letters “no earlier than 45 days after the review of the disclosure filing is complete.” Beginning January 1, 2012, these Divisions will release this review correspondence “”no earlier than 20 days after the review of the disclosure filing is complete.”
ISS Releases Policy Updates for 2012 Proxy Season
On November 17, 2011, Institutional Shareholder Services ("ISS"), a leading proxy advisory firm, released its U.S. and international corporate governance policy updates for the 2012 proxy season. For details, please see the U.S. Corporate Governance Policy 2012 Updates ("2012 Policy Updates"), available at http://www.issgovernance.com/policy/2012/policy_information. The 2012 Policy Updates apply to shareholder meetings held on or after February 1, 2012. This client alert reviews the most significant U.S. policy updates and additional detail on the policies provided by Patrick McGurn, Special Counsel at ISS, at the November 18, 2011 meeting of the American Bar Association’s Business Law Section’s Subcommittee on Shareholder and Investor Relations. The client alert concludes with commentary and recommendations in light of the ISS policy updates.
Webcast: Risk Factors and Disclosure Issues for Retail and Consumer Product Companies
Retailers and consumer product companies face unique risks and disclosure issues. Global economic uncertainty, changes in consumer buying habits and the use of social media and e-commerce present challenges which should be assessed and appropriately disclosed. This webcast focuses on the key risks and other factors that companies in the retail and consumer product industries need to consider when preparing disclosure documents.
Handling Internal Investigations in the Executive Compensation Area
Los Angeles partner Michael Farhang and associate James Zelenay are the authors of "Handling Internal Investigations in the Executive Compensation Area" [PDF] published in the November 7, 2011 issue of BNA’s Pension & Benefits Daily.